Spinal Cord Injury - First Aid and Emergency Treatment Guide

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Overview

  • Spinal cord injury is otherwise called 'myelopathy' 
  • It results in an injury to the nerve fibers in the cord 
  • Can cause loss of physical sensation and mobility 
  • Spinal cord remains intact in most of the injuries 
  • The complete injury causes no movement/sensation below the injury 
  • Incomplete injury-retains some movement/sensation below the injury 
  • Physical therapy, ventilators, wheelchairs often required 
Causes
  • Automobile accidents 
  • Diving accidents
  • Falls 
  • Shot by a gun 
  • Conditions like 
    a. Polio
    b. Tumor
    c. Spina Bifida
    d. Friedreich's Ataxia 
Symptoms
  • Loss of sensation 
  • Loss of motor functions 
  • Loss of bowel/bladder functions 
  • Sexual function can get affected 
  • Loss of involuntary functions, like breathing 
  • Inability to control the rate of heartbeat 
  • Inability to sweat 
  • Chronic pain 
Treatment
Seek medical help or call for an ambulance as soon as possible. Meanwhile- 
  • Move the person, if the surrounding is not safe 
  • Immobilize the head, neck, and body on both sides
  • Movements may dislocate vertebra and cause further injury 
  • If there is no sign of breathing, perform CPR 
  • Do not tilt head backward during CPR 
Prevention
  • Always wear a seatbelt while driving 
  • Use special seat belts for children and babies
  • Do not drink and drive 
  • Do not dive into a shallow pool area

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